Jan Dušek

“My name is Jan Dušek, I was born on March 7, 1922, in the village of Lipí, district of Budweis. I went to school in Habří which is about three kilometers away from Lipí. I walked there every day in my wooden shoes, in summer and winter. No one would take us to school, except for the farmers sometimes in the winter. My father was a carpenter and worked in Budweis for the railways. My mother had a small farm house and two goats. I had a sister but my parents didn’t have too much time to take care of us as it’s usual today. We basically cared for ourselves. Later I attended secondary school in Budweis – that was 14 kilometers away. I had to go there daily on foot, later I got a bike from my brother in law. Then I became a mason and worked in Budweis. It was during the years of the great depression, times were hard. It got better when the buildup of the fortifications against the German attack started. But except for that time it was hard to make a living. A croissant cost some 50 cents and my mother could barely afford it to buy one for me.”

“I was working at the “Schreibstube” where new inmates were being received. Outside the Schreibstube, there was a wide street. They brought a Jewish family into the camp and left them on the street. It was four men, three women and some children. I was on the roof, repairing the chimney. Soukup walked by and told me to lift up the ladder. I did it and continued to work on that chimney. It was a very hot day in August. The children were crying so one of them went to the Schreibstube to ask for some water. Rojko and Steinkopf were there. He got beaten and then again. I was hidden behind the chimney so that they couldn’t see me. They beat them to death. One of the girls had an ear ring. Rojko tried to take it off her ear. He couldn’t do it so he kicked her in anger and brought a knife and cut it off. As he cut her she raised her arm. He finished her off. This was just one of the many horrors I saw in the camp. There were a lot of people killed and beaten to death every day.”

“It was in vain anyway, we were hopelessly outnumbered and the Nazis shattered our organization after all. They were interrogating me for six months in the Gestapo headquarters in Budweis. After my arrest I didn’t get any food for seven days. I spent my time there praying. I was religious, went to church. They put an old inmate into my cell afterwards, Václav Němec from Budweis, the editor of the magazine ‘Free Word’. Once I was praying he kicked my ass. I thought he was a Gestapo man. He said: ‘there’s no God… you’ll see it for yourself after a while when you learn what’s going on’. Since then I lost my faith in God. Especially since Buchenwald. Where was God when they were sending children to the gas chambers in Buchenwald? God says that children are innocent, that they’re free of sin. Why did he allow this to happen? Why did so many people die? Why did the Pope bless the Germans and the Italians? I couldn’t get these thoughts out of my mind.”

“The Romanian officer had a Ban dog trained for him in the Hundkommando. The Romanians were always drunk. They brought a young Jewish girl – she might have been 18 – and set the Ban dog on her. The Ban dog is a huge dog and people are afraid of it but this wasn’t a quick death. I jumped out of the window and set two of our fiercest dogs on her in order to shorten her suffering. I still ask myself sometimes whether I’m a murderer. I’m really sorry for what happened, that I had to end her suffering like this. She was a nice girl but it didn’t help her. In 1944 the camp became the target of an allied air raid. I was waving them when they were approaching. It was an enormous raid, three thousand people died. I ended up among the dead bodies because I was badly wounded myself – I still have a huge scar on my head. The camp clerk sent my parents a letter saying that I had died. I woke up after three days and a friend of mine, who walked by, dragged me to the block. I was more dead than alive. The only treatment I got was that he peed on my head. That was the only medicament I got.”