Anton Felber

“A truck stopped nearby Prešov. I was sitting in the second car. Three Russians with submachine guns were sitting by the back door guarding us. Truck stopped at 6 am as one railwayman was returning home by bicycle from night shift in Košice. He was riding his bicycle in the snow and wanted to get to his village. They grabbed him and threw him in the car with us on the way to Russia.”

“One could not sleep at night and even less during the day, because the coldness was much worse. I was a neighbour of a gentleman, 60 years old. He had been the director of the State hospital in Košice before. So I was there with him. But maybe on the seventh day I was very cold and we were just sitting down. Because he was Hungarian, I asked in Hungarian: “Doctor, what’s the matter?“ No reply. Then I realized that he had died. For two more days I was leaning against the dead body sitting there. A dead body in winter is very cold and I was sitting there and leaning against it for two more days.”

“And they, those Russians, selected the younger men. I was 23 years old. The younger men were sent down into the shaft, so I got to the ninth horizon; it was 1050 yards under the ground. I was fortunate, because it was warm there. The water was quite warm there. However, where there is lead there is also a lot of water. So we were standing in it up to our knees and mining the lead. We had shovels like half of a bed. Since lead is a heavy ore, some people had not enough strength even to handle the big shovel, not speaking about picking up the lead. The labour norm was to load one cart during the shift. There were also old men with us. So we younger ones tried to help them to load their carts, after all we suffered together.”

“On the 9th day our train stopped in Ordzonikidze. It was in Vladykavkaz, today it’s Chechnya. Soldiers took us; 17-18 year old Russian lads holding loaded guns. Most of them had slanted eyes. Of course, in the wagons about 30 percent of the people were frozen, they were almost falling out. Soldiers were tearing them out like pieces of wood and throwing them next to the wagons. And so in one hour we moved on. We should go 20 miles. I got to a mining settlement called Nuzal, which is 20 miles away from Ordžonikize. There are lead mines there. We were about 300 going to Nuzal. On the way the people were exhausted, and you wouldn’t believe it, but these young soldiers shot to death 15-20 of them. If somebody was lying on the ground, the soldiers kicked him saying: “Stand up!“ If he didn’t, they shot him to death. And so they left our friends there.”

“At the beginning of February we had been travelling for 22 days to Chop. We stopped twice to get some food supplies. During a journey that lasted 22 days, 311 dead from our train were unloaded. I put together a list of those 311 dead and gave it to the Red Cross to let them know where the bodies were left. There were two places.”

“About two days later we found that our acquaintances and friends were disappearing. “Comrades” were taking them somewhere. The same happened to me on the fourth or fifth day. We were in Košice, when a Lieutenant Colonel and a Major visited me and asked me what my family name was. I answered: “Felber.“ They told me it was necessary to go and have a talk with them for about an hour.”

“There was a triple fence. Two fences had barbed wire and about every 30 yards there was a sentry with two guards. If somebody came within about three feet closer to the fence, he was shot to death. When some of us were going near there, the rest of us knew it was wrong. We drew them away. People were losing sense of reason. So there we were lodged. I was lucky to get a place on the upper plank-bed. Because there were so many lice that when men were getting up in the morning, they were throwing lice down like poppy seeds. And those who were sleeping on the lower floor had double the amount of lice.”

“They forced me to sign one Russian document. I said: “I won’t sign it. Firstly, I can’t read Russian and secondly you are accusing me of shooting one hundred Russians, so maybe it’s written there that I actually shot a hundred or a thousand Russian – in spite of the fact that I have never held a weapon“. Therefore, I refused to sign. There was a large room that had a big stove and next to it were some pokers. He grabbed a poker and hit my neck with it. It was such a severe hit that he bent the poker! He shouted. The door opened and they dragged me into a cell.”