Ing. František Rafaja

“In the first half of the 1980s, I was making use of my trips to see Mojmír [Trávníček] in Nový Hrozenkov, I would always borrow some books from him, and thus I actually began creating a second samizdat. I have a number of such books here that I can show you. Obviously, I was not copying it in just one copy, because I had quite a lot of friends. I was copying it on a typewriter, it was a Czech made device, I don’t remember the brand anymore… was it Konzul? I would usually make around eight copies. Typewriting was one method. The second method was using a photo camera. A kind of stand imported from the GDR was being sold here. It looked like a magnifying machine, which had two lamps for illuminating the original and on top there was a thread socket where you could fit a photo camera lens. This way we were able to print a large number of copies, for example complete Dictionary of banned authors by Josef Škvorecký from Toronto or the book by [Zdeněk] Mlynář: Frost Comes from Kremlin. And many other publications. The book Poets in the Shadow of Gallows by Dr. Kratochvíl. There was more of it. In the late 1980s, some people even started copying samizdat with xerox machines. But it involved some risk, because the xerox machines in companies or even in the Fotografie company branches, where this service began to be offered, were being closely watched. I even have one such experience: when I was in Zlín and I came to copy some articles from the magazine Řád about Bohuslav Reyner for my friend Jungmann in Zlín, there was some man standing behind a curtain and the lady who operated the xerox machine had to show him the original, he nodded if he approved it, and only then was she able to make a copy. On top of that, they stamped the paper copy with the Fotografie Gottwaldov mark.”

“I had one bad experience. I was making use of time during the train journey to Valašské Meziříčí to work and back if I was taking a later train or doing overtime. I would take the carbon copy papers with me, and in order to make use of the time, because it did require time, during this one-hour journey I would be compiling the individual samizdats. One day, a gentleman took me by surprise in the train, I think it happened somewhere near Hlinsko. He stood up: ´What have you got here?´ But I don’t know who he was. I reacted swiftly – I used to play table tennis as a young man, and my reactions were thus quick. I quickly snatched the papers without giving him an opportunity to see them. But I don’t know what kind of man he was; it is hard to tell if he really could have hurt me, or if he was just some vagabond.”

“Apart from the samizdat which we were producing by retyping other samizdats, exile books or books which were precious because they had been printed but they were not available, a kind of more ´creative´ samizdat began to spread as well. We were receiving manuscripts from poets, prose writers, etc. or from their families, and we began retyping and copying them and giving them to our friends. A great number of books were copied this way. I remember that one of the first books was Reading about Jakub Deml by Ing. Olič. He gave it to me only for a limited time. He lived in Bratislava at that time and I had to return it to him very soon, and so every evening when I came home from work, I would place a board over the bathtub and place the typewriter on top, close all the doors so that I would not disturb my wife and children, and I start typing. Even now, my wife still remembers this as the time which she nearly liked more than the present times, when we watch television films instead. Naturally, this was also made in eight, nine, or ten copies. Many of these pages which I didn’t have time to bind have remained in my home. As a bookbinder’s son, I started binding the books. I still had the equipment. Dad had a cutting machine at home and some of the instruments he used for bookbinding. Gradually, I made it much easier: I ordered the copy paper pages and glued them at the spine. But this was not enough, this way the binding would break and the pages would fall apart. I used a drill to drill holes on the spine side and then bind the pages with a string which I still had from Dad. Later I came upon some nice grey-black folders; usually only the brown ones were available, and those were not too good-looking. I could glue all the pages into the folder, and then add a title on the book spine. At that time this was done by imprints. There were no computers yet, and imprinting was being done in the construction department and used for technical drawings. A letter would be imprinted onto the original and the whole title was written this way.”

“During the canonization mass for Blessed Agnes of Bohemia in the St Vitus cathedral we listened to cardinal Tomášek’s speech. It was a magnificent and unforgettable experience. There were young people from our town, too. The cathedral was packed, and cardinal Tomášek declared: ´The Church goes with the nation.´ People were ecstatic. You can actually see it in some television documents. In the afternoon after the mass we took a walk to Letná, where the massive demonstration took place. They said that there were nearly a million of people. Unfortunately we did not have enough time to stay there. We were there with an organized bus trip, and there were some older people with us as well. But we then listened to it on the radio which the driver had in the bus. We thus heard the protests on the radio.”