Ing. Josef Tolar

* 1942

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  • "Anyway, we were looking at in amazement - it was two years later, 1970, 1971, those screenings. We watched in amazement as some people beat their chests, saying, ‘I was confused too, but now I see clearly. We must deal with the bad ones!’ Well, some truly awful characters emerged. A person is foolish, naive, thinking, ‘No way, I could never befriend these people, it has to be different. This can’t be true, the majority will hold out, they’ll reject this.’ And of course, it turned out to be the complete opposite."

  • "Those first weeks it was such a unity, one voice and one opinion. Whoever thought otherwise didn't dare to say anything. People walked the streets and borrowed transistor radios back then. We listened to the news all the time, from morning till night. I remember when the Russians came to Borek, I was in Marianské square. Suddenly a police car pulled up there, because there were crowds of people in the streets everywhere: "They are already in Borek!" Those policemen were making informers where the tanks were already standing."

  • "Coincidentally, students arrived at the brewery at that time. It was back in the school days. In the fifth year this opportunity suddenly presented itself, the school probably had some formal affiliation with the University of London. London students came to visit here and Czech students came to visit there. Of course, the Czechs were, what could have been, fifteen or twenty of us, maybe. Going to England at that time was like going to Mars, something incredible, unimaginable. Nevertheless, I applied, and it was because of the wall newspaper that I was selected, that I could take part in the English trip. Then the following year and the next year, it was just the sixty-eighth year, the English students came here again. They were in Budějovický Budvar just at the time when the Russian tanks were passing by the brewery. They were taking pictures of them. For them it was a cowboy film, just an adventure film, because, after all, 'We are English, nothing can happen to us.' It had an interesting end. I was looking after them, partly because of the turnout at the time and partly because nobody else in the brewery spoke English. So I worked for them there. When they were leaving that night, a guy came up to me and gave me an English passport and said, 'Here's your passport and get out, it's going to be bad here.' I told him, ‘That’s not possible, you look different. And what are you doing here? How will you get back?’ And he replied, ‘Well, I’m English, aren’t I?’ I simply didn’t take the passport, but to this day, I remember how that boy came to me on his own and handed me that English passport."

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    České Budějovice, 18.09.2023

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    České Budějovice, 27.09.2023

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I thought for a long time that most would last, but it was the other way around

Josef Tolar, 1990s
Josef Tolar, 1990s
photo: Archive of the witness

Josef Tolar was born on 30 August 1942 in Počátky as the second child of Josef and Alžbeta Tolar. Shortly after his birth, his father was totally deployed to work in Vienna. He returned home shortly before the end of the war. Alžběta Tolarová, née Pincová, whose original occupation was a kindergarten teacher, was a housewife. Until the age of seven he lived with his family in Kamenice nad Lípou. In 1949 her father got a job at the Regional Directorate of Communications and the family moved to České Budějovice. In 1960 he entered the University of Chemical Technology in Prague. During his studies he joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). After graduation in 1965, he joined Jihočeské pivovary as head of the company laboratory. He experienced the arrival of Warsaw Pact troops in České Budějovice in 1968. After the August occupation, he created a bulletin board at Jihočeské pivovary to inform about the situation and participated in several meetings. He was expelled from the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and dismissed from his job during the 1970 vetting process for his attitudes in 1968. He became a rank-and-file technologist with no possibility of advancement. For his stance in 1968, he was expelled from the Communist Party during the 1970 screenings and demoted from his position. He became an ordinary technologist with no chance of advancement. His views and actions from 1968 were repeatedly brought up during screenings until 1989. Every year, he was reminded that he was tolerated in the company by his comrades only out of goodwill. In 1982, he transferred from South Bohemian Breweries to Budějovický Budvar, a national enterprise. From 1985 until his retirement in 2008, he worked at the brewery as a brewer. From the 1990s he was also a member of the narrow management of Budějovický Budvar national enterprise, which was behind the major post-revolutionary transformation of the brewery. At the time of filming (2023) he lived with his wife Jana Tolarová in České Budějovice.