Jarmila Bočánková

“And in 1945, when the Russians liberated Tovačov, I put on my folk costume from the Haná region, which in my opinion was the most beautiful in the world, because my mom had made it, there was lace on it, my mom was very skillful in handiwork. So I put on this dress, my mom was not at home, she was in the chateau in Tovačov. The caretaker, who was an Austrian, was there, together with my uncle, who was also an Austrian, and my mom. They had been sitting in the basement already for about a week. Because the schoolmates of my father’s, his former friends... since my mother was a German, and the Germans have lost the war, they took my mom, and brought her into this chateau and she was sitting there for three days with this caretaker from the chateau and my uncle in the basement, sitting on crates from fruits and vegetables. There was water down there, they could not even put their legs on the floor. And these three people were there for three days. And then, when the Russians came, me in this folk dress and my father were on our knees, entreating one of these Russian officers, who had a rifle, we were kneeling there, raising our hands to him and pleading for our mom, entreating him not to shoot her as a German. I don’t understand Russian, but he said something like: ´A što ty?´ And who are you? And I said: ´This is my mom.´ And he asked me: ´To je mať?´ And I knew that he probably meant mom, so I said: ´Yes, she is my mommy.´ And he untied her hands and told her: ´Idi damu.´ I also understood this, he was telling me, my mom ´Go home.´ So we went home. And when then there was a celebration to give welcome to the Russians, a friend of mine hit my head with a stone and she yelled at me: ´You German!´ So this was a clash with the liberated society.”

“I have an unpleasant memory from that time, of them being mean to us for having been imprisoned. My children were four and five years, little kids. And one day my dad came home and said: ´Jaruška, get the children dressed. We´re going to Blatná, there is a St. Nicolas party for the employees, let’s take the children there.´ It was some eight kilometers from where we lived, really close. So we went. And I explained to the children that there will be those three figures, St. Nicolas, the devil and the angel. And my daughter who was six year old, she was sort of curious and smart, and she assured herself: ´Mom, we did behave, right? We will get presents from St. Nicolas.´ I told her: ´Of course, Jaruška, sure you will get a present. St. Nicolas will bring a present for each child.´ So we went there, my dad and me, and our two kids sitting between us. And St. Nicolas was handing out presents, taking them out of his basket. And all of a sudden, he just said good-bye and left. My children did not get anything. Both started crying, asking me: ´But why, mom, we behaved, why did not we get anything from him? He forgot about us, he did not give us anything. But mom, why, why?´ And I said, I did not know what to say at the moment, so I told them: ´Jaruška, he did not give anything to you, because we don’t live in Blatná. He brings presents only for children from Blatná. And since we live in Lnáře, your presents will be in Lnáře. We will check when we get home, and they will be ready for you at the window sill. Don’t cry.´ They calmed down a bit. Still, about two days later dad went to an office in the place where he worked, and he expressed his discontent about what had happened to his grandchildren. And they told him: ´Well, Indrák, but what do you expect? For you are a criminal!´ So the children were also suffering from this – a lot.”

“My mom, because she had attended school in Olomouc, and since she came from Olomouc, she had friends there: the Germans. She attended a German school. And one German, this head of the Gestapo in Přerov, he would always come and leave his car a bit further from where we lived, I saw him there many times, he would leave the car there and come and ring our doorbell and tell my mom: ´Steffi,´ my mother’s name was Štěpánka, so he knew her by her German name Steffi. And he would tell my mom: ´At seven in the evening the Gestapo from Přerov is coming. Go to house number...´ I don’t know, for example, ´house number 70, and tell them to hide the radio, because they had been reported, somebody had reported them that they were listening to the Moscow and London broadcast. So go there please.´ And my mom would always go to these people and tell them. But then, in 1945, she was criticized for having maintained contacts with the Gestapo. But it has saved one hundred people.”

“On December 31, 1948, some men came, they kicked the door out and they simply behaved as if they were at home – terribly. They tore down pictures, they stuffed gold into their pockets. Because my uncle was a dentist, and as he had explained to me, at that time, people were paying with gold, they simply had some golden things and they used it to pay the dentist, because these people who were working the fields had no money, and they were thus paying this way. So I would always get some gold from my uncle, a bracelet, necklace, and my mom too. Therefore we had a big wooden box full of that. And these men stowed all these things in there, as if they knew that we would be imprisoned. Well, they knew it, otherwise they would not be able to behave like this in another people’s home, but we did not know that. Thus on December 31, they took us to a prison in Olomouc. There they put us into cells in the basement, which were for people who were awaiting trial. And it was really not nice there. In the corner there was just a bucket in place of a toilet. But it was really tough, because I was 17, and at that time I believed that I would have a baby if a boy kissed me. It was so at that time, today it is different, but at that time it really was this way. And there you went to pee and suddenly an opening in the door opened and a man’s face appeared there. This was really tough. And in the corner there was one raised bunk, about half a meter above the floor. And there was only one dirty torn grey blanket. There was nothing more. Thus in the morning they would bring us a basin and little water. And that was it. We were there till July, till the trial. My mom was also there, but before that she had been taken from home straight to a prison hospital, because she was ill with pneumonia at that time, and thus she stayed there for a very short time. But my dad and I were there for a long time, till July. And when we returned from interrogations, I was not getting beaten, I have never been beaten, but my dad, they would always drag him on his back – either holding him by his legs or arms. But there was one warden who was really nice. He would always come to me and say: ´There is some ointment, and your father is lying in number four. Go to him and put some of it on his wounds.´ Then, they also smashed my dad’s nose and ear, so afterwards he could not hear and smell at all.”

“In Lnáře things were already normal. The place where we lived was a former monastery. It almost felt like being at home. Only that in the cell we had to report each morning: ´Comrade commander.´ Comrade commander. Each day, one of us was on duty, and she had to report: ´Comrade commander, I report that the number of women in the cell is seven.´ And I always hated saying this, so I would always say: ´Mr. comrade commander.´ And I was being reproached by them a lot for this. But otherwise it was quite lenient, it was not really like a prison. Of course, it was a closed place, we could not even go outside, not at all. Thus for the juveniles the imprisonment was easier to bear, including the work and the living conditions there. It was not so demanding anymore. And we were young and imprisoned for political reasons. We felt very proud of it, of being political prisoners, and anti-communist prisoners. And we felt this intensely and we were terribly proud of it.”