Rostislav Čapek

* 1931

  • „My jsme sbírali zbraně, bohužel. Měli jsme všechno možné, pušky, samopal, pistole, dokonce i pancéřovou pěst. Sbírali jsme věci a nosili je do té skály, měli jsme tam svoje trofeje.“ „To vám bylo asi třináct let?“ „To my bylo třináct let a tehdy jsme byli s Drahošem Veselským v té skále a nad námi začalo lítat velké šestimotorové dopravní letadlo Gigant. Lítal hrozně nízko a dělal hrozný kravál. Převážel těžké věci a lítal velice nízko. Když jsme tam jednou seděli, tak jsem říkal: ‚Co kdybychom po něm vypálili?‘ Měli jsme tam zbraně, tak jsme vzali každý pušku, zalehli jsme a začali po něm střílet. Každý jsme vystřelili těch pět ran a samozřejmě se nic nedělo. Všechno jsme schovali a bylo to v pohodě. Jenomže potom Drahoš přišel ke svému dědečkovi domů, ten dělal starostu u nás v Tršicích a na druhý den bylo vyšetřování, přijelo gestapo. Vyšetřování, že tam někde asi partyzáni stříleli po letadle, že v něm bylo asi šest zásahů, a dokonce pilot měl postřelenou nohu. To bylo něco hrozného. Měli jsme velké obavy, aby se to neprozradilo, že by za to naše rodiče mohli sebrat a zastřelit. Z toho jsme měli hrůzu. Stalo se náhodou, že se to nikdo nedozvěděl a bylo to v pohodě.“

  • „Chodil jsem s jeho dcerou, my jsme vyrůstali vedle sebe. Začínalo to s ním být vážné, že půjde k soudu a že nebude propuštěný. Na ni bylo poukazováno, že je dcera spolupracovníka s Němci a já byl přesvědčený, že není. Rozhodl jsem se, že než ji nechat vláčet, tak požádám o její ruku její maminku. Šel jsem požádat o požehnání i jejího tátu Bedřicha Hodulíka do věznice. Tehdy ho přivedli v papučích, nohy nateklé, klepeta na rukou. Dal nám požehnání v klepetech. Později mi přiznal, že přišel v papučích, protože nemohl chodit a byl po výprasku. Řezali ho přes chodidla pendrekem. Vzal jsem si jeho dceru, musela si dokoupit šest dní, protože nebyla zletilá. Žili jsme spolu šedesát jedna roků, měli jsme dvě děti, byli jsme šťastní a spokojení. Jenomže bohužel ta otázka Zákřova se pořád vracela, různými řečmi a narážkami. Nakonec moje manželka ani nebyla puštěná k maturitě.“

  • „To byla další várka Němců, která k nám přišla, mladí esesáci, bylo jich pět. Přišli v noci, vyházeli nás z postelí a my jsme šli spát na seno. Ráno veliký kravál. Táta, starší bratr a já jsme se museli postavit ke zdi. Jeden na nás mířil samopalem. Matka uměla německy, tak se s nimi bavila. Taky ji chtěli postavit ke zdi, ale ona se nenechala a začala na ně ostře mluvit, co chtějí. ‚Ztratila se pistole.‘ Tak se hledalo, hledalo. Oni v noci přišli hrozným způsobem opilí, padali. Když už nevěděli, kde mají hledat, matka si vzala štokrle a stoupla na kredenc. Za kredencem byla akorát přezka od opasku a pistole visela za tou skříní. Byla to náhoda, že zahlédla tu přezku. Něco zabrblali, sebrali pistoli a šli. Bylo to skutečně nepříjemné, nevěděli jsme, co bude dál.“

  • “But then came the third group of Germans, who were from the Gestapo. They were young boys and there were six of them and they were horribly drunk. They came around eleven in the evening and they made us get out from our beds and we had to go in the attic again. That would not be so bad. The hay in the attic was comfortable for sleeping. But they went wild, they continued drinking and then they went to sleep. And there was a great problem in the morning. They made me, my dad and my older brother stand against the wall. All of a sudden we noticed that they were standing behind us with a submachine gun. My mom could speak German and she started asking them what was going on. They told her that a belt with a gun got lost. My mom said: ‘I will help you look for it.’ They were searching and searching for the gun. But when they came in drunk, they tossed their stuff all over the place and they did not know where they had left it. They were searching all over the room. And by coincidence, some fifteen minutes later at least, my mom stepped up on a stool and she looked at the kitchen cupboard. And the gun had been thrown behind the cupboard, only the belt buckle was hanging from the top. Fortunately she saw it. She pulled it out and she gave it to them. He let us go. But at that time we were really afraid that he would shoot us or do something to us. A gun was lost, and there could be trouble.”

  • “Our troop was stationed further away. There were only two border crossings in our section. But unfortunately, one of them [escape over the border] were four young boys. They were armed but they did not know how to handle the gun. What they did was that they crossed over to East Germany, from East Germany they crossed to West Germany and from West Germany they came to us. What was funny was that instead of going where they wanted they came back to Czechoslovakia again. Regarding the second escape, he got caught. But I was not there, I was off duty when they caught him. He was an employee of some bank. He carried one million Czech crowns with him. It was at the time of the currency reform. I don’t know why he took the money, if he hoped to exchange it somewhere in Germany. He was caught at that time. He was scared because he did not know precisely where the border line was, either. He walked half a kilometre from the border line and he did not know where to go. A dog sniffed him by chance and they caught him during the day. But apart from that it was quite calm there. I used to go behind the line a lot. There was a patrol which was allowed to go there… From time to time I was taking our special agents there. They were crossing over to Germany and eliminating our people there when it was possible. They were our gunners so to speak. But I didn’t like them at all. They were a strange lot. They always played with their guns. I would guide them all the way to the border line at midnight or at two o’clock in the morning and a car would arrive there to pick them up. Somewhere to the road bend near Faßmannsreuth and they would get in the car there and they took them to some place.”

  • “We had weapons in that quarry, for some time, and it was already quite late, in April probably…” – “April 1945?” – “1945, in March or April. A German airplane was flying over us at that time. It was a six-engine Dakota. A cargo plane and it was flying very low and it made an awful noise. It was so loud. We were friends with Drahoš Veselský at that time. His grandpa was the mayor of Tršice. And he was there with me. We thought, what could such a small bullet from the rifle do to such an airplane. And when one day the plane was flying over again, we shot at it, five rounds each. But what was horrible was that the following day in the morning some of the German armed forces arrived there on BMW motorcycles – one motorcycle had a radio transmitter and the other had a submachine gun – to the mayor because somebody from the area had shot at the airplane. And if there were partisans or something like that, they had to investigate it. Two trucks full of Germans arrived there and they were combing the area. When we fired from the rifle, nothing happened. We took our stuff and we went home. Nothing happened. But when they came to the mayor to investigate it… that somebody from the area had been shooting at an airplane, that the plane got hit eight times and that one of the pilots was injured in his leg, shot through his leg or something, I don’t know. So when Drahoš learnt about it, obviously he literally started shaking with fear. What if we had shot him, and so on. We were terribly scared.”

  • Full recordings
  • 1

    Olomouc, 19.05.2018

    (audio)
    duration: 02:27:52
    media recorded in project Stories of 20th Century
  • 2

    Olomouc, 21.06.2020

    (audio)
    duration: 02:03:53
    media recorded in project Stories of the region - Central Moravia
  • 3

    Olomouc, 01.09.2020

    (audio)
    duration: 01:13:30
    media recorded in project Stories of the region - Central Moravia
Full recordings are available only for logged users.

The worst thing is herd mentality

Rostislav Čapek - as a young man
Rostislav Čapek - as a young man
photo: archiv pamětníka

Rostislav Čapek was born on April 18, 1931 in Tršice. Due to the economic crisis, the Čapek family was going through a difficult time before World War Two. Rostislav experienced several terrifying moments during the war. He witnessed an execution of partisans in Doloplazy as well as many other dramatic events in Tršice. At the end of the war, on April 18, 1945, cossacks led by the Gestapo arrested 23 men in nearby Zákřov and two days later they killed nineteen of them. One of the four men who were released was Rostislav’s father-in-law Bedřich Hodulík. During the investigation he was accused of being an informer and in 1952 he was sentenced to life sentence. Rostislav and his wife strove to clear his name for their entire lives and they still believe that he had been sentenced in a show court trial. Rostislav learnt the typographer’s trade after the war and he worked in the IGO printing works in Olomouc. He volunteered to do work in coal mines, where he worked 145 shifts. In 1952 he started his basic military service in the 5th brigade of the Border Guard Cheb, in the 4th troop Újezd, where he guarded the border with West Germany. When he returned home, he continued working in the IGO printing works. In 1956 he became a member of the Communist Party. After the invasion of the Warsaw Pact armies in 1968 he publicly threw away his member’s card and he was expelled from the Party. In the late 1960s they built a cooperative house near the printing works together with his colleagues, and he still lives there.