Дарія Гусяк

“We wrote letters to men’s cells. If somebody, who was one floor above you, wanted to send you something, he knocked to let you know that he is sending something. It was a sign, to keep the knocking to a minimum. And you could see how in the window (there was only a pilot window opened, not the actual window) the so called “horse” appeared. It is a note or a few notes tied to a robe. There were a few people who wrote notes both here and there. And they were in correspondence with each other. The note was untied from the robe and then a response was tied to it. And they took it up. From time to time we were caught while doing this. Then the punishment was either to sit in the lock-up room, or confiscation of the letter, or prohibition to buy something at the kiosk. There were these three forms of punishment.”

“Members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists were the most authoritative and the smartest boys in the village. All of them, as a rule, had a longing for education. But their parents did not have enough money to give them education. So they acquired secondary education by themselves. They bought or borrowed from somewhere the books that they needed and studied by themselves. All those boys had an inborn intelligence. In general spiritual level in the village was rather high. Especially when in the nineteen-twenties – nineteen-thirties the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists did some work in villages. It was such a powerful wave of revival that I don’t know, whether there were any other moments like this, when so many people perceived and practiced what they’ve heard. It is worth mentioning some campaigns that were carried out by the OUN: “Boycott of tobacco and alcohol”. It was a state monopoly. When they carried out this campaign for a few years – the result was astonishing. First of all, the Polish state lost millions. While in villages people were healthier, they did not waste money on tobacco and alcohol, they paid more attention to their kids and family. Members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, as a rule, neither drank, nor smocked, because they gave a promise. And until nineteen-thirty-nine people perceived themselves as one nation to such extend that they were ready for armed resistance.”

“It was a miracle that she survived – Katrusya Zarytska. She was already called out to come for the execution by shooting… She was called out, so she got ready and was standing at the door. But they were not coming for some time. They just did not come in time. Boys started to tumble out doors and liberated girls. Later they started coming out to the yard. There was a machine gunner who killed very many of those who came out to the yard. But Katrusya was clever and sharp, she realized that it was dangerous. Moreover, she knew that they would most probably be shot if somebody sees them. She left the prison and saw somewhere nearby a yard and there she hid in some shed or something of a kind. She took along with her two other girls who could hardly walk. She helped them. They were hiding there until the evening. It was a clever move, since the KGB workers who were the last to run away were forced to come back because not everyone was shot yet. Even on their way, when they saw a pale person with short hair, they shot him/her right away. Thus, Katrusya and those girls survived. And when it grew dark, she went home. And she took care of those girls there.”

“They were beating up my mom to make me talk. This method was not applied to everyone. But I was not saying a word. They already gathered a lot of information about me – two folders from those who were arrested before me, everyone said something. They knew me, that’s why they did this. I did not pay attention to it when I was at home… My sisters moved and I stayed with my mom. I was afraid that something may happen to my mom while I was away. I was always very worried when I left her alone. I was always trying to come back as soon as possible, to help my mom with the housekeeping. And I was given such characteristics. I did not know and did not understand this. I did not think that I loved my mom in some special way. But this is how they saw it that is why they chose this method. I heard my mom screaming when they hit her. I heard it. Later I had hallucinations. They did it behind a very thin wall, so I heard everything – every stroke, every scream. They brought her in again and were beating her up again. Even then I did not understand why they were doing it. Once mom came up to me and said, ‘Why, Darcyu, aren’t you saying anything?’ I understood this as why I’m not talking to her. What my mom had in mind – I don’t know. Maybe she made it so ambiguous on purpose. And I said, “There is no need to talk now.” And they stopped it. They saw that I’m not going to talk anyway.”