Marie Neumannová

* 1935

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  • "And when the bombing was on, as they flew back afterwards, they still had bombs, the Americans. I was on the ramp with the girls, we were playing, there were the railroad cars parked there, like the railroad cars, we girls were playing, we were cooking different, like, well we were pulling grass and we were cooking something, and so we were playing like little girls. And all of a sudden planes were flying so low overhead that we could see who was piloting. It was black people, black people. Then we read that they really bombed Hodonin as pilots, who were black among them. They had orders to bomb there, around that house, around that car with that ecrasite. And in general there was supposedly a ready transport of some soldiers, so that's what they wanted. Fortunately, they missed, if they had, Hodonín would have been completely flattened. If they had hit the wagon. Well, there were a lot of bombs dropped around. And right on our house. And they were timed bombs. Because when they left and it was over, like a bombing, they were driving around with a bullhorn, and somebody said: 'Run out of the house, get out, they're timed, they're going to explode!' Well, we were, I was at home alone with my grandmother, but when the planes flew to Slovakia, I learned, I was still with the girls on the ramp. And because it was eleven o'clock and thirty minutes or something like that, so I went, we had already parted, we girls, I went home, I ate soup and my grandmother gave me dumplings, which I liked very much. And all of a sudden the window glass, it rattled, and something came flying out in the room, just something there, from the street to the first floor bricks, the pressure brought them out and we have some more in one picture that got stuck. Well, I went out into the corridor, it was just the two of us - me, nine years old, it was the 20th of November, yeah, my grandmother, how old was she, well sixty something, suddenly she just got scared as well, but I went out into the corridor and the neighbour said, 'Mařenka, where's your grandmother?' I said, 'At home she went into the closet and pulled me to hide with her in the closet.' So we went to get my grandmother and hurry up to the basement. So on the one side we were Czechs, myself and my grandmother, and otherwise what were the Czechs - the Hřebáček family, and I can't remember who was there, living with us. And on the other side there were the Germans. And there the timed bomb just, not directly on them, but on that street. But as you can see also in the picture, the cellars are only this wide, yeah. So nobody there, we, if there were bigger windows, you could climb up into the corridor. Because we had the door boarded up, but we couldn't get out, the cellar was on coal, but just everybody from that house hid in there. And we prayed in Czech, they prayed in German."

  • "Well, then, I remember she said so even afterwards, that she always looked for a handsome officer in the compartment. There were quite a lot of them going around. To get something transferred, she'd sit in that compartment and she'd just make it so he'd ask her a question or something. So then they'd get to talking, she knew German perfectly well because she used to go to Vienna to see her aunt, her grandmother's sister. She used to clean for a Jewish family there. There were a lot of Czechs in Vienna. And artisans and cleaners and nannies of all kinds. So my mother used to go there for holidays, so she learned German, or Vienna German directly. So when she was traveling to Vienna—or rather from Vienna—she sat in a compartment with an officer so that she could smuggle some things, a bag of some sort. She took me by the hand, carrying a small bag, and her gentleman companion took the larger one. And they weren’t searched. They just walked through like that. Then they parted ways, and that was it."

  • "My father got a very decent apartment, a three-room apartment with a bathroom, hot water, a boiler, two balconies on the first floor. And it was number six Úprková street. The road and immediately the pavement and immediately the garden opposite our windows and balconies. And there were three villas, you could say houses, which were occupied by the Germans, and there was the Hitler Youth. Under fifteen, the smaller ones, they only had wooden knifes, like this at their waist, but the bigger ones could shoot. Because my mother was a true Sokol member in Hodonin. But when the Germans came, they took some things for safekeeping. She took skittles and a ball. The ball was leather, with a tube inside. And we as kids wanted to take it, but my mother wouldn't let us, because it wasn't ours. Well, we took it once. You had to inflate the ball first, stick it in the leather. And it laced up like a shoe, the ball. We had a needle for that, too, so that the leather, the lace so to speak, wouldn't break, so it was stitched. And there were lawns in Hodonin, I'll show you that later, which the Germans ordered that nobody could enter, especially not the Czech trail, in front of those tenements, beautiful. Well, we kids were playing and the ball fell there. So it was our ball, I took it, we were afraid, but in the end I took it, but I don't even know what happened. I picked up the ball, we heard a thud, blood was flowing and someone shot me in the leg. It was a boy from the Hitler Youth, I don't know which one, how. I had a hole here, outside the bone and outside the veins, here. It was kind of artificial, artificial skin. And my grandfather took the first... I came home, I was bleeding, I didn't feel it. And there was a tiny, tiny bullet. So my grandfather quickly took the stroller, as we lived in a tenement house, there were little children, he didn't even say who it belonged to, the stroller, he put me in it and quickly to Dr. Revere. He was a Jew, and the Gestapo, or simply the Germans let him still work there, because they needed a doctor. Like their people had to go to the military service, so they had to... And I know that he was very highly praised there, especially by the Czechs, and they were happy that he stayed there, But just before the end of the liberation, they took him away and probably transported him to Auschwitz or some other concentration camp that was still operating."

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    Praha, 10.09.2024

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    duration: 01:48:32
    media recorded in project Stories of 20th Century
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    Praha, 12.09.2024

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    media recorded in project Stories of 20th Century
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Mom wasn’t just risking her own life, but mine too

Marie Neumannová, 1952
Marie Neumannová, 1952
photo: archive of a witness

Marie Neumannová, née Svobodová, was born on April 2, 1935 in Berehovo, Transcarpathia. In 1920, her maternal grandfather Josef Tichý settled there after his return from the Russian legions. Her mother Marie Tichá graduated from the Ruthenian gymnasium in Berehovo, learned Hungarian and Ukrainian and became a very active Sokol member. In 1933 she married Alois Svoboda, who worked there as a clerk for the Czechoslovak Tobacco Directorate, and they had two children - Miroslav and Marie. Thanks to their father’s transfer to Moravia, the family did not experience the Hungarian occupation and lived through the Second World War in Hodonín. Marie Neumannová took away many strong experiences from this time, from minor clashes with the Hitler Youth to the devastating bombing of Hodonín on 20 November 1944. However, the greatest threat to the family during the occupation was her mother’s involvement in the anti-Nazi resistance. Marie Svobodová, brought up with Sokol ideals, worked as a liaison in the Blaničtí rytíři partisan unit: on the one hand, she secretly crossed to Slovakia and supplied the partisans in the White Carpathians, and on the other hand, she travelled to Vienna and brought messages written in invisible handwriting on cigarette papers. For better cover, she took her little daughter Maria with her several times. The end came only when she was denounced and then arrested by the Gestapo. They couldn’t prove anything against her, but from then on, she only distributed anti-Nazi leaflets. Her father was also arrested by the Gestapo for anti-German activities in the factory. He was imprisoned for six months and then assigned to work in Kukleny near Hradec Králové. After the liberation, the family moved to Strážnice, where her father became the director of the tobacco purchasing office at the Hodonín tobacco factory. However, the communist coup in 1948 brought many changes—her father was demoted to a lower position, her mother was expelled from the party, and despite her excellent academic performance, Marie was not admitted to grammar school at the age of fifteen. She eventually studied at a business school and, in 1952, moved to Brno to work as an accountant at the local arms factory. Her husband, Leo Neumann, became a recognized expert in nuclear fuels and radiochemistry and taught at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague. He never joined the Communist Party, which complicated his career advancement and his ability to secure an apartment. As a result, Marie had to stay alone with their children in Brno for several years before she could move to join her husband. At the time of the interview in 2024, Marie Neumannová was living in Prague.”