Milan Pokoradi

* 1948

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  • "Well, well, and I'm talking about the others, it was during the day... but we also went there at night, we called it "starlings", the ones you can see on the border, the wooden ones, ten or twelve meters high. And there were women with children asking to please let us go... it was enough just to cross Moravia... there was little water in Moravia in the summer, you could wade through it. People used to go there to beg: "Please, let us cross the border, let us cross the wires." And how many came every day... I don't know, but there are some statistics... I think they recently put it on Devín as well, the president was still there... there they are as usual... there are statistics on how many people died... I heard it somehow, but somehow I don't listen to it. In the entire territory of Czechoslovakia, it was what... it was hundreds of people, actually... And you explained to everyone that they can't or was it explained to them in a more forceful way? We really wanted to, but... then of course the patrol came right away... the patrol came, they rounded them up... It was difficult to get to that tower, to that observation post. For example, where the Moravia flowed, it was close there, there was a road, a wire strip as a border, KPčko as a control strip, and the Moravia... those women, when they came, or those people, when they came, it was close there... Along the road, she came to the patrol immediately and they took them away immediately. I didn't serve during the day, but my friends said that they had another case like that on that bridge over there. The same friend who roped me to Pezinok from there was also such a monster... And actually, you served at night... Yes, only at night, only at night... I served. And were there less people at night? Or rather the opposite, that it didn't try to walk more at night? Well... at night, we changed, but there were such stations that I was... specifically on the Mäjrick bridge, there was such a building... such a facility where we could make tea, or when we took turns, even take a nap and so on... it shouldn't have been done then, but... But whether those people who wanted to escape, whether they didn't think that it was easier to escape at night.... But yes, yes… There were probably more of them then."

  • "And you said that actually before the arrival of the troops, that the military service was better, that only after that it started to get worse, or like before... On that border it was... on the border what I'm saying... I don't know where, in the cities or when they served somewhere else, but it was cruel on the border. And I'm not talking about the Czech Republic, where they wanted to cross the border and that... I don't like to mention this fact. And actually, you remember exactly that day, and what happened when the tanks arrived... Yes, that's what I'm saying... Can you describe it somehow? We were in Malacca, as if for training, it was, well... it was this one... whatever it's called, but it doesn't matter. In short, we were there... we are in Malacca... and the Russians arrived. They arrived... they surrounded the battalion, it was a military battalion in Malacca, and tanks... were mostly around! We walked around... around the barracks and I remember one incident that I know... that the battalion commander was, I don't know... a major, no... a general... some lieutenant colonel and his name was Zavodnov, his Russian name was... Zavodnov. And the Russians asked, they were outside... the gates were closed... and they didn't go in, they didn't break through... but they asked for water! He did not allow to give. He did not allow our soldiers to... or our batches to give. He didn't allow them... that I wouldn't give them water! They didn't give them water... it was... someone said that they expected to break through such gates... but they will break through the walls with tanks, not only the goal. So it was so, very remarkable... I mentioned that Zavodnov... I don't know how, if he was Russian originally, but his name was like that. So it was really cruel, like dangerous…. very then! Well, what about us... what was the dog handler company, what were we dog handlers, I remember... captain Tanečka's name was... Well, I was there for three weeks, but I enlisted first, and on the twenty-first, the Russians ran out... and that machine guns, to fill magazines, and that we are going to fight against the Russians! My lords, we have been learning Russian all our lives, we had Russian poems, Russian was that, compulsory... and that we are going to fight against the Russians! Well... it was also so hard... and we were still boys, we didn't know anything, we didn't even know how to disassemble a machine gun..."

  • "I'm in my twenties, I went right after school. In sixty-eight, I finished the forestry school and then went to the military. In the sixty-eighth, when the troops arrived, like... I enlisted in Malacie, like here in Záhorí, but... it was already difficult there. I enlisted on the first of August, on the twenty-first the Soviet troops ran out... we were just sewn up, we didn't do anything, we just listened to the transistors, what was going on... like it was... it was terrible. That was military, very bad then. Those... already when I got to the border, I served in Devín Lake, there when... it was terrible what... barbed wire... I worked as a dog handler, as a dog handler I was, and I mostly worked at night and that was terrible... it was very difficult there. People were running away, you can't imagine that... there was a shooting... there was shooting and there were also civilians who were killed. Did you actually directly see how...? I didn't see it, but it was... however, I was a soldier, but I don't know how... if he had also run away from me across the border and shouted stop and just... or he wouldn't have reacted to the dog, so we simply had to use the weapon. I don't know how I would have behaved, I don't know... I've thought about it many times, that you were a lucky person, that you didn't have such an intruder. Only a dog... it would have protected me, as it would have detained him, delayed him... so he could, well... as they say today, pacify him... coercive means. "

  • "So what kind of first memories do you have from that early childhood, what do you remember? I remember everything... now that I'm in a home for the elderly, I remember everything, it all comes to mind, all these years... what a person is here, a person thinks about it. And my daughter works here in the home and I mentioned it to her like Erika, daughter, listen, it's not possible, that everything is repeating itself, it's all popping up in my mind... that dad... write it down. So I wrote something like "Bitangoviny", I gave it... so it's a few pages long, I really mentioned everything there, it's like that... I was simply a rascal! So do you remember the life there, in that village in the fifties, what was it like? He mentioned a lot, so I just mentioned it! Listen in a small village... it was just a school, first grade of course... and there were five grades. And I still remember, I still can't recall it, imagine what it was like when the teacher explained the material to us first-year students... up to the fifth grade.... how we felt about it, I don't remember what it was like... it must have been a lot of fun. Because I probably thought about everything possible, I know what, but it probably didn't surprise me too much, because I learned to learn... to learn well. But I do remember that they once bought me a bicycle, that was a rarity at the time... a small children's bicycle for a first-year student, that's what gentlemen used to have! Well, I rode that bike around the village, so grandmas and I ran into them. I bumped into them from behind. Sure, they came to complain that what the… well, it was. The teacher took my bicycle, they called me and my father to ask what I was doing... they took my bicycle and locked it in the cabinet, in... the cabinet was what it was called before, but in short, they took my bicycle, so I had enough joy, it was over for him. Well, but after two weeks they gave it back to me... the father got to know the teacher."

  • "And they told you about the time when they were young, or they told you some stories... You know what, grandma used to tell all kinds of stories... well... I was most interested in one story... If I can tell such a story that... that... she mentioned that in that village where she was from... so from where she was from, it was a neighboring village... that there was a hill, it was over a hill... and she said that one, that two young people just liked each other, and the other guy... the guy... I'm saying this in a modern way, the other boy, from that village... he wanted to take her away from him and so further. Well, and such a thing happened... I don't want to drag it out, that as it was, he murdered the other one. He finished off that one, that sap in love... I don't remember it well... well, the guy still went to the village, to the yard... well, he bled to death there, well... And this is what my grandmother remembered, that people used to go there, he was it was such a trail, it was on such a hill, but you walked along the ridge. And she mentioned that it was haunted there... you know, the old people haunted us when, for example, there were steamers and what was done in the village, so the old grandmothers would tell the children and we would listen. They mentioned that for a long time, it was indeed a murder. Well, I couldn't! When I was already an adult, I was seventeen years old... I was already a hunter, I got... I already had a hunting license, a rifle… so I couldn't do it and I walked and walked along the sidewalk. I really wanted to find out what was going on there, because of course I didn't believe it, because my grandmother was also such a monster. She believed in nothing, only what she saw, what she caught. Well, that's where I went... it was a snipe hunt. It was in the morning, early in the morning... or late in the evening hunting... those used to be hunting with foresters, hunters. So I sat down somewhere under that one and fell asleep. I fell asleep and in the morning I was woken up by birds, thrushes... the singing of the birds was early... well, you know, a hunter who goes hunting never keeps... it was a double-barreled shotgun, but one round was missing from the barrel. That's not possible, but I didn't shoot, this is it... Well, one bullet disappeared, but every hunter at home will look, give a shot of certainty, but one bullet was missing. Well, that was the great mystery that happened to me there!"

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    Bratislava

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    duration: 01:23:31
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“It was already difficult there... we were sewn up there, doing nothing... they just listened to the transistors, what was going on... it was terrible!”

Milan Pokoradi during eyd recording
Milan Pokoradi during eyd recording
photo: Photo by Post Bellum SK

Milan Pokoradi was born in 1948 in the village Slaná Lehota, in the region of northern Slovakia, as the youngest of three children. Mami Mária, as Milan remembers her, was a good soul who, although she only had a basic education and took care of the household, she still became a judge from the people in Lučenac. She was extremely proud of it. Father Ján worked as a mechanical locksmith and later as a repairman at the cooperative, so he was definitely a very hardworking person. During the Second World War, he actively participated in the Slovak National Uprising, as evidenced by the number of rifles thrown into the well as soon as the danger passed. Milan was born at the time of the communist coup, but his family was fundamentally unaffected. He grew up in a small village, from where he took away a lot of memories, which he wrote down on paper and named them “Bitangoviny”. He started attending elementary school in the local village, where there was a so-called single class, i.e. five grades attended one class at the same time. After graduating from the fifth grade, he completed the rest of elementary school at the elementary school in Poltár, where he commuted seven kilometers by motor train every day. He continued his high school studies at the Forestry Master’s School in Kokava nad Rimavicou, where he successfully graduated in June 1968. Milan enlisted in the military unit in Malacky on August 1, 1968, from where he was later transferred to Devínské lake, where he served as a dog handler at the border. At the time of the invasion, i.e. from August 20 to 21, Milan only participated in training in Malacca. It can be said that out of nowhere, the entire battalion was surrounded by Soviet tanks. Fortunately, there was no collision, even though it looked like anything. A few weeks later, he was transferred to the aforementioned border, where he worked as a dog handler with the dog Kurt. His mostly nocturnal services were accompanied by many unpleasant, even touching experiences. After military service, he married Mária from Slaná Lehota in 1970, and their first daughter, Gabriela, was soon born. However, Milan did not return to his birthplace and stayed with a friend in Pezinok, where he got a job in a wood factory. Later, the rest of his young family moved in, with the addition of daughters Erika and Janette. After working in the Pezinsk plant, he decided in 1978 to move to the local forests, where he worked in the dispatch warehouse as a foreman. He worked there for many years until his retirement. After the Gentle Revolution, however, he began to spend much more of his time in the garage, which he converted into a carpentry workshop. So he started working on wood again and even made extra money this way. He considers the production of moldings for frames with the likeness of the then Pope John Paul II, who visited Slovakia at the time, to be his best-rated order. He was also engaged in the production of kitchen units, tables and chairs. Currently, his home is the Senior Citizens’ Home in Ružinov, Bratislava, where he still lives today.