Five boys in the war
František Pollak was born on January 15, 1931 in Krásné Březno, one of the local parts of Ústí nad Labem. He comes from a mixed marriage, his father was German and his mother Czech. At the time he was growing up, most of the inhabitants of Ústí nad Labem were of German origin, and after Adolf Hitler came to power, a large part of them were beaten to nationalist sentiments. They demanded the annexation of the city to the Empire, which also happened in the autumn of 1938. František Pollak recalls the marches of the Heinleins before the signing of the Munich Agreement, as well as the eviction of a part of the Czech population after its adoption. He witnessed the Nazis begin to set up labor camps for prisoners of war and forced laborers in Ústí over the following years. Both numerous groups performed work in Ústí nad Labem factories, which produced weapons and ammunition for the German Wehrmacht during the war. He also recalls the consequences of air raids by American and English bombers, when a large part of the city remained in ruins and hundreds of people died. His other memories relate to post-war events, specifically the explosion of an ammunition depot in Krásné Březno. The explosion occurred on July 31, 1945, during which many houses in the area were destroyed, including the Pollak family’s apartment and a shop. Above all, however, it became a signal to unleash unprecedented violence against the Germans, which was then also witnessed by fourteen-year-old František. After the war, he graduated from a business school and for many years worked in the Jednota cooperative. In the 1960s, he was convicted of stealing socialist property. He is now retired and lives with his children in Ústí nad Labem.