Vladimír Souček

“In Germany, when we were crossing the Oder River, the bridges had been torn down and we couldn’t cross. We had to construct a pontoon bridge and crossed over it. We saw our Russian soldiers retreating only with their horses – and the little canons, the forty-fivers and seventy-sixes, had been left behind. Everybody was retreating. Our battery crossed the pontoon bridge, deployed the cannons and waited. We didn’t have enough ammunition because the supplies hadn’t arrived, yet. We were left with about four shells per gun. The Germans rushed forth against us with fourteen tanks and artillery vehicles. The commander of the regiment ordered us to let them come closer and shoot to kill. It was like a miracle – after almost every shot, one German tank burst into flames. I grabbed a machine gun and opened fire at the German soldiers on the tanks. Therefore, I was afterwards decorated by the regimental commander with the Order of the Patriotic War.”

“I couldn’t protest, but when I worked there as an economist I was surrounded by the chairman of the district committee, the chief of the NKVD, and the president of the court. They all became my friends. They took me as a fair guy. I wasn’t against the government but I wasn’t enjoying it either. You know, you had to carry out the orders. I helped a lot of people that were sentenced.”

“We got 500 roubles. I got this money for taking the job, before I even showed up there. It was on a Saturday. I was discarded from the records of the district committee because I was supposed to begin to study at that NKVD college on Monday. On Sunday, when I was about to say goodbye to my family because I was supposed to leave, the bells started ringing. We went out in order to find out what’s happening. Usually, the bells rang when someone died. This was on a Sunday and after a while we learned that the Germans had declared war on the Russians. I had no idea what I was supposed to do because I had already discarded from the records. They mobilized quite quickly but since my file was already discarded. What was I supposed to do? Stay or leave? But where was I supposed to go? There was a war raging on, there was nowhere to go. So I took the papers and threw them into a fire. I stayed.”

“The Jews were the first ones to be persecuted – they were moved to one room, men and women alike. The women stayed home and the men went to work on the field next to the railroad. They had to dig huge pits. While digging, they were ordered to sing. When they finished the work, they took the Jewish men and women, lined them up in front of the pits and shot them. They threw the little kids into the pits alive. They burned an awful lot of Jewish villages in the Ukraine. It was more than 300 villages. They did the same thing to the Jewish villages what they did to Lidice and Ležáky in Czechoslovakia.”